Investigating the Effects of Surface Area on the Rate of Reaction Essay

Point: To consider the impacts of changing the surface region on the pace of a concoction response Theory: This speculation depends on the Collision Theory, where so as to respond, the two particles included must: 1. Slam into one another 2. The crash must be sufficiently enthusiastic to beat the enactment vitality of the response 3. The impact must bring the receptive pieces of the particle into contact the right way †they should slam into proper geometry (the responsive parts) Taking into account that the surface region of a molecule is a factor that for the most part influences the crash pace of particles, it is sheltered to accept that as the surface territory builds, the response rate increments. The diagram should end up being something like this: 1. the response is the quickest toward the beginning 2. The response is easing back down here 3. No more item is shaped Measure of item Time Factors: Variable Factor What is controlled Subordinate Time The time it takes for the response to finish relies upon the surface territory of the mixes being utilized, on the grounds that it decides the rate where the response will happen. Autonomous Volume of the gas gathered (H2, CO2) The measure of gas gathered for each trial will rely upon the Controlled 1. Mass of Calcium Carbonate (both marble chips and powdered structure) 2. Mass of Magnesium (both strip and powder) 3. Volume of Hydrochloric Acid 4. Mechanical assembly Used 1. The majority of the substances used will remain continually fixed during the trial 2. 50 cm3 of HCl will be utilized for each preliminary †550 cm3 altogether 3. The mechanical assembly utilized will continue as before all through the entire analysis Concoction Reactions: Mg + 2HCl â†' MgCl2 + H2 1. Magnesium strip 2. Hydrogen Gas will be the gas gathered 1. 3 Trials will happen 1. Mass of Magnesium strip in: 1. Preliminary 1: 0.064 grams 2. Preliminary 2: 0.063 grams 3. Preliminary 3: 0.065 grams CaCO3 + 2HCl â†' CaCl2 + H2O + CO2 1. Marble Chips 2. Carbon Dioxide will be the gas gathered 1. 2 Trials will happen 1. Mass of Marble Chips in: 1. Preliminary 1: 3.998 grams 2. Preliminary 2: 3.988 grams Na2CO3 + 2HCl â†' 2NaCl + H2O + CO2 1. Sodium Carbonate (Powdered) 2. Carbon Dioxide will be the gas gathered 1. 2 Trials will happen 1. Mass of Sodium Carbonate 1. Preliminary 1: 0.504 grams 2. Preliminary 2: 0.505 grams Mechanical assembly: 1. Eye-Protection †1 sets of Safety Glasses 2. 1 sets of Scissors 3. 1 Electronic Scale 4. 1 Conical Flask (100cm3) 5. 1 Single-holed elastic bung and conveyance cylinder to fit conelike carafe 6. 1 Measuring chamber (100cm3) 7. Stopwatch Synthetic concoctions: 1. 12cm of Magnesium Ribbon 2. 550 cm3 of Hydrochloric Acid 3. Marble Chips 4. Sodium Carbonate (Powdered) Strategy: 1. Set up mechanical assembly as appeared 2. Fill the conelike carafe with 50cm3 of HCl 3. Addition the finish of the syringe into the opening on the plug 4. Include the magnesium strip 5. Seal the flagon with an elastic plug as fast as possible, simultaneously have another person present to begin the stop observe once the magnesium strip has been added to the hydrochloric corrosive 6. As the response happens, note down the time it takes for the gas gathered to arrive at a numerous of 5 (for example 5mL, 10mL †¦.50,55,60,65 and so on) 7. Continue estimating until the response has halted, or you can't gauge any longer 8. Rehash each examination multiple times, just to be certain the information gathered is precise 9. At stage 4, supplant the underlined compound with the following compound after one examination is finished End Tragically I couldn't make a chart utilizing time as the autonomous variable, in light of the fact that the lab that I had used didn't have the gear accessible to precisely to record the information if time somehow managed to be the free factor. Another factor that played into my choice was the way that the littlest alignment of the glass syringe I utilized was 5 cm3. Since the main noticeable estimations appeared on the syringe were products of 5, it would just appear to be sensible that I switch around the factors, making time the needy variable, and the volume gathered the free factor, since I couldn’t precisely measure how much gas would be gathered at regular intervals; in any case the relationship the diagram would portray would be totally off base. As should be obvious on the charts, the somewhat steep inclines show when the response is the fastest, as it ought to be at the outset. The bend shows the response easing back down, however tragically the bend proceeds. This is on the grounds that the response is as yet occurring. I couldn't record the remainder of the information in light of the fact that the estimating instruments that were accessible weren’t ready to record to such a serious extent. Sometimes however, as in the powdered sodium carbonate test, the response started so rapidly that I wasn’t ready to record the time much of the time, so I simply stayed with those that I had figured out how to note down. In different cases, there were such huge numbers of interruptions in the lab that it was hard to stay centered. My schoolmates continued expelling a few if the things that I was utilizing. The thought was to perceive how the pace of response changed when the surface zone of a substance was expanded. At first, my arrangement was to respond magnesium strip and magnesium powder with 1 mole of Hydrochloric corrosive; so I could thoroughly analyze how the surface region of the substance influenced the pace of response. I had wanted to keep everything about the two substances the equivalent. Its component, mass, the measure of Hydrochloric corrosive I would respond with it; the main thing diverse would be its surface zone. Lamentably the Lab didn’t have any accessible. So I chose to do a similar trial to Calcium Carbonate, this time utilizing marble chips and powdered calcium carbonate. To my disappointment I found that the powdered calcium carbonate wasn’t responding by any means. So I needed to transform it to sodium carbonate. There is incredulity about utilizing various components, seeing as they have various requests of reactivity. These elements, including the grouping of the corrosive utilized, could likewise influence the pace of response. Be that as it may, a similar corrosive fixation was utilized for all tests, in all preliminaries; so we can excuse that. Be that as it may, sodium is a lot higher up the reactivity arrangement than calcium, which is higher up the reactivity arrangement than magnesium. This is the issue with this trial; the components positions in the reactivity arrangement could have truly changed the pace of response. In any case, the tests despite everything demonstrate that when the surface zone of a substance is expanded, the pace of response increments also. This happens in light of the fact that, when two substances respond just the surface particles of the substances can come into direct contact with the reactant particles. Expanding a substance’s surface territory, such as transforming enormous strong lumps of calcium carbonate into powder, leaves increasingly strong particles accessible to respond. The more particles accessible to respond at once, the quicker the pace of the response. Like this: Just iotas on a superficial level can respond On the off chance that you separate the substance, more iotas are presented and prepared to respond. Assessment Considering the absence of material accessible, I think I had the option to deal with the examination genuinely enough to deliver results. In any case, I am not satisfied with the elements that could possibly have influenced my outcomes, and the conditions where I needed to switch my factors around. Subsequently I might want to express a couple of things I might want to adjust, if at any time I got the change to do this examination once more. 1. Mechanical assembly 1. Next time, rather than utilizing a stopwatch, I might want to utilize a computerized gadget, similar to a PC for instance, that was some way or another associated with the glass syringe, which was customized to record the volume of the gas gathered at regular intervals. This time the chart would turn out the manner in which it ought to be. 2. Rather than utilizing an estimating chamber, I would supplant it with a burette, as it takes increasingly precise estimations of fluids. 1. Synthetic concoctions Used 1. I would attempt and utilized a similar component next time; the main contrast would be the surface territory. For instance, on the off chance that I utilized magnesium, to examine the impacts of surface zone on the pace of response, I would just you magnesium strip and magnesium powder. Contemplating various components with various reactivity’s would excuse any information previously gathered on the grounds that an element’s position on the reactivity arrangement may likewise decide the pace of response. Utilize a similar component. 1. Measure of People engaged with the trial 1. On the off chance that I needed to do the examination once more, with a similar device, I figure I might want to have 3 individuals partaking in the assortment of information. 1 individual would watch the syringe rise and shout to record at whatever point it rose, the second individual would time it, and the third individual would record it. This time, the information might be significantly increasingly precise, on the grounds that nobody is taking their eye off the trial, similar to I was doing during my trial just to record information. I feel that changing these parts of the analysis would build the degree of exactness, as to get progressively considerable information to ascertain the request for response. Lamentably with the information I have up until this point, I can't determine the centralizations of the substances I had used in my test. Nonetheless, as the goal was to examine whether diverse surface regions influenced the pace of the response, I believe that I have delivered enough information to help my hypothesis.

Analysis of Ethanol in Moonshine Free Essays

Examination of Ethanol in Moonshine| Using the GC-MS| Jennifer Greene| â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€- 4 May 2012 â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€- 4 May 2012 Introduction: In this trial gas chromatography is applied to isolate the water-ethanol blend. This technique is frequently utilized in the assurance of liquor in blood or pee. One evident application is when law implementation organizations need to decide if somebody is intoxicated. We will compose a custom paper test on Examination of Ethanol in Moonshine or on the other hand any comparable theme just for you Request Now In these cases, high affectability is required since 0. 1% blood liquor content is viewed as lawfully inebriated in many states. Our own assurance will manage higher fixations (up to 25% by volume) which are progressively run of the mill of liquor levels found in numerous mixed refreshments. Chromatography is a physical strategy for partition wherein the segments to be isolated are disseminated between two stages, one of the stages comprising a fixed bed of enormous surface region, the other being a liquid that permeates through or along the fixed bed Gas chromatography (GC) is an incredible and generally utilized apparatus for the detachment, distinguishing proof and quantitation of segments in a blend. In this method, an example is changed over to the fume state and a streaming stream of bearer gas (regularly helium or nitrogen) clears the example into a thermally-controlled section. On account of gas-fluid chromatography, the segment is normally pressed with strong particles that are covered with a non-unstable fluid, alluded to as the fixed stage. As the example blend travels through the section, test segments that associate unequivocally with the fixed stage invest more energy in the fixed stage versus the moving gas stage and in this manner require more opportunity to travel through the segment. The objective of GC is to isolate and distinguish segments of a blend as effectively as could be expected under the circumstances and it is in this manner alluring to have a proportion of the productivity of a given chromatographic section. One basic approach to communicate section effectiveness is by computing the stature identical to a hypothetical plate (HETP) which is the length of the segment separated by the quantity of hypothetical plates. HETP = l/n The quantity of hypothetical plates (n) of a section as for a specific compound can be discovered utilizing the accompanying condition: N = 16(tr/w)2 = 5. 55(tr/w1/2)2 Where w is the pinnacle width estimated in indistinguishable units from tr and w1/2 is the pinnacle width estimated at half of the pinnacle stature. Materials: GC-MS with database| Vials with lids| Cherry moonshine| Disposable pipettes| Ethanol 100%| | Procedure: 1. Set up methodology to: Set â€Å"Detector A† On (Thermal Conductivity Detector) Packed Column Head Pressure: 30 psi Column: Carbowax 20M, 1/8†³ OD, length = 6 feet Oven Temperature: 110 °C Detector Temperature: 150 °C Injection Temperature: 150 °C 2. With the dispensable pipette fill separate vials with the cherry moonshine and unadulterated ethanol. . Run the methodology at that point characterize the ethanol top with three extra pinnacles. This is the chromatograph for Cherry Moonshine. This is the chromatograph for Cherry Moonshine. Information: The blue bolts are highlighting the ethanol top. The blue bolts are highlighting the ethanol top. Determination: Chromatography is a physical strategy for par tition where the segments to be isolated are dispersed between two stages, one of the stages comprising a fixed bed of enormous surface territory, the other being a liquid that permeates through or along the fixed bed. Gas chromatography (GC) is an amazing and broadly utilized apparatus for the partition, recognizable proof and quantitation of segments in a blend. In this strategy, an example is changed over to the fume state and a streaming stream of transporter gas (regularly helium or nitrogen) clears the example into a thermally-controlled section. On account of gas-fluid chromatography, the segment is typically stuffed with strong particles that are covered with a non-unstable fluid, alluded to as the fixed stage. As the example blend travels through the segment, test parts that communicate unequivocally with the fixed stage invest more energy in the fixed stage versus the moving gas stage and subsequently require more opportunity to travel through the section. This examination exhibited how the investigation of an obscure substance can be resolved from the different pinnacles. In the event that you select an individual top on the chromatograph, the database will raise potential matches of the compound. You would need to take a gander at the mass spectrograph of that top to check whether it coordinates the compound of intrigue. On the off chance that it does, at that point you have affirmed one aggravate that is available in the substance. On the off chance that it's anything but a match, keep on looking through the database until you affirm the peak’s personality. From this examination, the top for ethanol was not decided utilizing the mass spectrograph of the gas chromatography; in any case, we ran unadulterated ethanol on the GC-MS and contrasted the two chromatographs with decide the ethanol top. Step by step instructions to refer to Analysis of Ethanol in Moonshine, Papers

LIFE!

LIFE! Ahh!!! This blog is finally happening! I think my bio page gives a good idea of who I am â€" random, likes artsy stuff, etc, etc. But to round out the intro: I’m a freshman @ MIT, trudging through endless piles of work while juggling the crazy new power/responsibility that is FREEDOM! It’s been over a month since I arrived @ MIT and naturally, I have processed more than enough thoughts to fill five entries. But let’s start in media res â€" I did pretty legit badly on my 18.01A exam yesterday. 18.01A, in MIT lingo, is “accelerated” Calculus I, meaning we get a whirlwind tour of the second half of Calculus I in six insane weeks. Now it’s the third week or so, which would make that test the “midterm”. I don’t like how the syllabus disguised the test worth 22 percent of the final grade as a harmless sounding “Exam 1”. I also don’t like how I borderline-passed/borderline-failed my first exam @ MIT. What I dislike the most right now is the fact that I’m feeling awfully normal about it. Perhaps about the fact that I didn’t straight up bomb it and get that painful “fail-mail” in my inbox telling me to schedule a makeup exam. But it’s more like this is not exactly how I imagined my first test here. I know I’m really slow at math, and this is college, and this is MIT at that, and there are tons of smart people in the class, and it’s pass-no-record the first semester, and I should try out lots of other activities during first semester, and what not…But I never thought it would be so easy to practically fail. Almost everyone who’s here was probably one of the most academically successful people at their high schools. And I’m pretty sure I brought along whatever brain and work ethic I had from high school. But, the fact of the matter is, MIT work is a lot less BS-able than HS work. The myth is true: few questions are straight from a textbook or test only one concept; everything is about application and integrating (harharr-the bane of my existence!!!) multiple ideas to solve a key problem. Yeahhhhhhhhhh I don’t like the fact that I’m feeling this okay after doing awful on that test (not a good prognosis for life post pass-no-record) â€" but I’m liking the crazy things MIT has been doing to me: I finally buckled down and memorized the most irritating trig identities a precious success after trying half-heartedly many times before, for class, for SAT II’s, for AP’s; I finally understood the Shell Method beyond just the automatic integral-of- 2-pi-r-y-dx. I solved a partial fractions problem…I don’t think I’ve ever agreed more with the time-honored: “It’s not the destination, but the process of getting there that counts.” I haven’t gotten far yet, but it’s already tasting like a worthwhile trip. OK â€" this all sounds very nerdy right now, but when I figure out how to work pictures onto this blog, life will suddenly be more colorful. :P

Tap Dance A Uniquely American Dance Form - 3422 Words

Tap dance is an uniquely American dance form. The percussive use of one’s feet combined with the use of rhythms and amplification of sound, has a complex history that involves the intercultural fusions of English, Irish and African musical and dance traditions. The evolution of tap dance in America is further complicated by issues of race, class and gender. Unlike ballet with its formal technique, tap dance emerged from people listening to and watching each other dance, in a variety of settings, where steps were shared, stolen and reinvented. Through its metamorphosis the dance form has progressed from local entertainment, to Vaudeville shows, to Broadway shows, to the Silver Screen and to Concert Halls across the world. The legacy of the art form is characterized by the rise, fall and reemergence of popularity. Savion Glover, a 21st century American dancer, is credited with bringing tap into a new era of popularity as he has wowed the masses with his unique style focusing on African American rhythms. Tap dance, uniquely American in that it is a true melting pot of dance forms, is a dance form rich in rhythms, sounds and amplifications and has transcended social and cultural barriers. Much of the early history of tap is dependent on oral history and contextual awareness. In the 1600s English sugar plantations in the Caribbean were worked by indentured Irish servants and enslaved West Africans. This forced fusion of two cultures resulted in a blend of music, dance andShow MoreRelatedjazz dance Essay2756 Words   |  12 Pagesof jazz dance reflect the diversity of American culture. Jazz dance mirrors the social history of the American people, reflecting ethnic influences, historic events, and cultural changes. Jazz dance has been greatly influenced by social dance and popular music. But, like so much that is â€Å"from America†, the history of jazz dance begins somewhere else. The origins of jazz music and dance are found in the rhythms and movements brought to America by African slaves. The style of African dance is earthy;Read MoreWhat Are The Musical Consequences Of Diaspora?1915 Words   |  8 Pagestravelled from Africa to other parts of the world, both as a result of the African slave trade and later migrations, the music and dance forms of this African diaspora influenced many international musical styles and genres, including Caribbean and Latin American music, for example Samba and Salsa, as well as providing the foundations for the musical traditions behind African American Music, for example Jazz and Rhythm and Blues. ‘The majority of sub-Saharan African folk music and traditional music is functionalRead MoreEssay on Chicano Art3962 Words   |  16 Pagespsychological effect on humans, the artworks have been used as a tool of expression that has been revered and uniquely preserved for future generation. 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The mainstream advertising for movies, targeted at the end users is done via TV. Trailers, songs, star appearances on TV shows, interviews, making of, reviews and movie news, all forms a part of the promotion strategies adopted by film makers. Movie trailers form the conventional part of advertising movies via television. Over the years trailers have been transformed into teasers, that give little info about the movie while buzz amongst the audience about the movie. Read MoreMarketing Management7427 Words   |  30 Pages204). Simply put, this is the vessel that the beer comes in. Whilst all of our products except Little Creatures Bright Ale are available in can form, for the purpose of this project we are examining the bottled varieties. On this product level our four market offerings are differentiated on their most fundamental characteristics. This ranges from the uniquely flavoured hops used in Little Creatures, to the immediately recognisable bottling employed by Heineken. 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Wrongful Conception Free Essays

The traditional way of doing things in America goes as follows; you meet Mr. or Mrs. Right, you get married, buy a house and have a family. We will write a custom essay sample on Wrongful Conception or any similar topic only for you Order Now After having all the children that one family wants someone in the relationship makes the responsible decision to be permanently sterilized or continue using birth control until menopause. Being permanently sterilized means, having the woman’s fallopian tubes either clamped or cut so as no more eggs are release into the uterus or having a man’s seminal vesicles cut so that no sperm is ejaculated. When a pregnancy occurs after one of these measures has been taken, it is looked into as wrongful conception or wrongful pregnancy. Women can become pregnant when their fallopian tubes were not completely cut, a man’s seminal vesicles are not severed all the way or something is wrong with the birth control in which she is taking. Wrongful conception, also known as wrongful pregnancy, is a case of action based on negligence in the provision of birth control or performance of sterilization procedures that result in an unwanted pregnancy. Sullivan, 2000) Physicians and pharmacists have come under legal trouble when a patient becomes pregnant and it is unwanted. Women have many reasons for no longer wanting any more children. It could be due to the age of the women and she is at a higher risk for the child to be mentally handicapped. The couple could merely be done having children because they have the desired amount that they could afford and wanted. The woman could have had a ve ry difficult pregnancy in the past and therefore not want to put her at risk any further. All of these are legitimate reasons to have a surgical intervention to no longer have children or to prevent having children with birth control. Many of those parents who end up taking legal action against a physician are those who have genetic disorders that they do not wish to pass on to their unborn children. Parents who have genetic testing done and find out that the likelihood of their children developing sickle cell anemia, downs syndrome or any other genetic disorder choose to no longer put themselves in the running to conceive a child. According to The Journal of Health, many medical malpractice claims have been brought against doctors by parents of children born with genetic diseases. In most of these cases, the parents allege either that the physicians failed to inform the parents of the availability of genetic testing for the unborn child or that the physician negligently performed the genetic testing. These claims automatically make physicians, genetic counselors, and genetic testing laboratories possible defendants in civil law suits. As the patient or victim, it is a crushing moment to find out that someone failed to do their job and now an innocent life is being brought unwanted into the world. Patients have a Bill of Rights that must be followed by any physician or hospital. Patients have the right to access their own medical records. According to George D. Pozgar, patients may have access to information which includes, â€Å"that maintained or possessed by a health care organization and/or a health care practitioner who has treated or is treating a patient† (Pozgar, 2010, p. 396). With this right in place, patients should be able to prevent unwanted pregnancies from happening. This right makes for an open book policy in many hospital and physician offices. Patients now have access to their labs and records online or even in the physician’s office. The history behind wrongful conception is hard to determine with a timeline. It appears that when patients could have genetic testing done is when the number of cases started to arise for legal action being taken against physicians. One of the first reported cases was in 1974 with a family who sued their physician who performed a vasectomy after the couple’s fourth child. Continuing on from 1974 until present day, there are many patients that are affected from the actions of physicians all over. Currently, patients rely on medical testing to look for genetic disorders that can affect unborn children. Testing is becoming more and more advanced every day. Many pregnant have option to undergo genetic testing at twelve weeks to check for downs syndrome, trisomy 18, or trisomy 13. At the same time as these blood tests, an ultrasound test for fetal nuchal translucency is performed. Nuchal translucency screening uses an ultrasound test to examine the area at the back of the fetal neck for increased fluid. â€Å"Common tests during,†) During the second trimester of pregnancy a whole new set of blood tests are performed. Alpha-fetoprotein screening is done to determine open neural tube defects (ONTD) such as spina bifida, Down syndrome, other chromosomal abnormalities, defects in the abdominal wall of the fetus, twins – more than one fetus is mak ing the protein, or a miscalculated due date, as the levels vary throughout pregnancy. (â€Å"Common tests during,†) Some of these tests can come back negative when in reality they are positive or patients can also get a false-negative result. Patient now sign consents so that they will not sue the physicians when these rare occurrences happen. The way that lawsuits and malpractice suits have come up, the rate of lawsuits against physicians will continue to rise. It seems that physicians need to have malpractice insurance with higher premiums due to the fact the patients now are â€Å"sue happy†. Physicians are very careful about what information they tell their patients and with how tests and physical examinations are given. The more information and the more physicians explain circumstances to patients, the less likely a patient is to sue. There are patients who look for reasons to file malpractice suits against physicians. Wrongful conceptions or wrongful pregnancies do happen. There are many reasons for this unhappy occurrence to happen, physician wrongdoing, pharmacist tampering or misinformation given to the patient. No matter what the reason is that the conception happened, the parents of the unborn child are still going to be affected. To compensate for some of the mental and emotional damage that is going to be done with having an unplanned pregnancy, patients are choosing to sue physicians. References Pozgar, G. D. (2010). Legal and ethical Issues for health professionals (2nd ed.) Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett Publishers. Sullivan, Mary B. (2000, March 22). Article: wrongful birth and wrongful conception: a parent’s need for a cause of action. . Retrieved from http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-85016556.html Common tests during pregnancy. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.lpch.org/DiseaseHealthInfo/HealthLibrary/pregnant/tests.html Untitled. (n.d.). Retrieved from www.loislaw.com/gpc/index.htp?dockey=9512686@CTSUP How to cite Wrongful Conception, Papers

Panda Express free essay sample

Autumn Gold English 101 Evaluation Panda Express Price; quality; and quantity; those are the three main components one should look for in a decent place to eat. In today’s economy, with the amount of money we pay for food, we want enough to satisfy us and be worth the money. Quality is a high standard in today’s food industry. Customers want to know if the food they are consuming is made from fresh and natural ingredients rather than preservatives. Quantity is a must as people want a good amount of product for what they pay for. Consumers don’t want food that will only fill them for an hour; they want food that is a meal. The only fast food place that comes to mind that fits these qualifications is Panda Express. Let’s see how it stands with the check list, starting with price. With the slump the economy is in today, most people can’t afford to spend $8 dollars on a combo meal that includes greasy, low quality, cold food. We will write a custom essay sample on Panda Express or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Panda Express offers a few different options for a reasonable price. For $7, a three-item meal includes a side of rice or chow mien, and three servings of your choice of entrees.Drinks are only $1. 99 for a large or $2. 75 for your choice of available bottled beverages. Panda Express even offers kids meals for less than $5. No matter your situation, there are options that are delicious and affordable. So with the $7 you pay, let’s look at the quality of food being served and if you are getting your money’s worth. Now-a-days, the food industry is pushing the limits on the amount of fresh food they cook with and sell to consumers, relying mainly on preservatives.Panda Express, although they do use some flavoring, cooks with fresh vegetables mixed with premium choice meats. They also advertise in their establishments that they do not cook with MSG, also known as monosodium glutamate, which is a flavor enhancer. The flavor Panda Express incorporates in to their food is natural, fresh, and delicious. One customer on a Panda Express food review site wrote, â€Å"The food is absolutely delicious. It is not only flavorful, [but] the presentation is excellent and is yummy to the eyes as well as the tummy.I give this restaurant extremely high marks for producing a quality product. † Another bonus is that the restaurant is very popular, meaning the food is in high demand. Therefore the food that is already out doesn’t have time to get old and stale. But consumers don’t just want great tasting food in any amount; they want enough to fill them up until the time comes for their next meal. When you order your meal, the side fills up half of the plate. Then, you have the three items as your entrees which each take up a quarter of the plate.A burger can be eaten in minutes while a full plate at Panda Express takes time to eat leaving you with time to enjoy the delicious flavors, freshness, and quality of your meal. You have a plethora of food to choose from as your main course. With all this amount of food, one meal is perfect for those who do sports and build up monstrous appetites, as one example. And if you can’t finish all that food, you have plenty for left-overs. For the small amount you pay, you buy an excellent meal that will fill you up for hours. For $7, you are buying a high quality product.

Grenner Pastures the Launch of StaGreen by HydroCan Company

Executive Summary HydroCan Company has been in operation for about one year. The company has come up with an innovative product known as StaGreen, which aims to address the environmental and cost needs in the two markets of USA and Canada. However, given that the company is relatively knew in the market, it has found the process of entering the market more challenging and somehow complex.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Grenner Pastures the Launch of StaGreen by HydroCan Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This dilemma has forced the company to seek consultancy services in order to provide key strategic ways and recommendations for the way forward. As a result, Stone Age Marketing Consultants has been able to carry out market research and analysis and identified key characteristics of the market, which the company can explore before settling on the appropriate market. Moreover, the aim of the market res earch has been to identify and recommend the appropriate entry strategy, given that the company is new and is likely to face stiff competition from established companies. Therefore, the report provides critical steps towards HydroCan Company introducing its innovative product in the market. Background HydroCan Company is one year old and its owners include four agricultural engineers and one accountant. The company has intentions of operating and serving in both USA and Canada’s markets. As a result, in the recent past, the company has been involved in obtaining patents in both markets for a new type of lawn-care product. The new product the company intends to introduce in to the market is known as StaGreen. The new product is applied to grasses and when this happens, it enables the roots system of grass to retain water longer. This reduces the need for both extra watering and frequent fertilizing. The owners of the company are much more ambitious on introducing the product t o the market. Although they have a wonderful product for the market, the owners of HydroCan Company seem to have no idea about the best way to introduce the product to the market. They are mixed-up with regard to which particular market segment they should concentrate on and introduce the product to, how the new product can be positioned in the market, and also what best launch strategy can be used to introduce the product in the market more successful. This confusion is further made complex to due to presence of numerous competitors in the market, which the company has to contend with and subsequently, design appropriate marketing strategies in order to achieve competitive advantage over them. In this regard, the HydroCan Company owners have sought services of Stone Age Marketing Consultants, who are accredited marketing consultants and the company hopes to achieve the best form of advice in terms of launching and introducing the product to the market successful.Advertising Lo oking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Statement of Problems HydroCan Company is faced with a challenging and complex situation regarding introduction of StaGreen product into the market. At the same time, the company does not have a clear idea on how to market the product, both in USA and Canada. This problem is compounded by the fact that the owners of the company and subsequent product to be introduced do not have defined and clears knowledge about the market for the product. Two major markets exist in the two countries, which the product can be sold or introduced to. The two markets structures have divided the management team as to which is the appropriate one given the position, nature, and ability of the company in its current form. The two major target markets the company has potential in include consumer lawn and garden market, as well as commercial lawn and garden market. The two marke ts are totally different from each other, with diverse and unrelated characteristics. The two markets therefore require different launch strategies in selecting the appropriate market segment. The company’s CEO, Gary Gillis, favors and wants the company to target consumer lawn and garden market, while Carla Humphreys prefers the commercial lawn and garden market. The two top managers of the company seem to be determined in having their choices adopted by the company, and it is from this strong conviction of the two that marketing consultants have to be involved in determining which is the best strategy to adopt for the new product. At this point, it can be stated that, the primary problems of the company revolve around finding the best marketing strategy and the appropriate market in which to introduce the new product for the company. Therefore, a comprehensive strategy for the launch of StaGreen has to be developed and this will see successful introduction of the product in the market. Situation Analysis The product to be launched has been described as similar in appearance to most brands of common lawn fertilizer. In fact, StaGreen has been categorized as chemical fertilizer but with distinct special characteristics, which make it superior to other available fertilizers. For instance, the major benefit that has been associated with the product is its ability and effect on the root system of most of the common types of grasses used for lawns. The product is manufactured in such a way that it has small pellets that are attached to roots, which enable attraction and retention of moisture. With these superior features, laboratory tests have been conducted on the product and indicated capacity to reduce the manual watering on most types of grass by up to 40%. As a result, the product is perceived by company managers to have the ability of attracting high demand from consumers. In order to find out the viability of the two markets and associated financial i mplications, the marketing consultants carried out a detailed study and analysis of the two markets.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Grenner Pastures the Launch of StaGreen by HydroCan Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Consumer lawn and garden market The first market concerns the consumer lawn and garden market. According to the findings generated for this particular type of market, it was established that majority of Canada consumers of lawn products spent an accumulated amount of about $2.3 billion in this market. Break-down of the figures in the consumer lawn and garment market show that consumers spend $945 millions to buy grass, trees and plants, $620 million on lawn maintenance, and in this case, fertilizer accounted for 52% of the total amount. Others include $815 million on hand tools, pots, window boxes, books, magazines, and landscaping services. As a result, these figures point to the impo rtance attached to gardening by majority of Canadians. On the other hand, lawn care in the country is perceived to be highly seasonal business, where 70% of business sales take place in the second and third fiscal quarters (April to September). The finding also postulate that, if the company was to target and venture into this kind of market, then it will largely compete with fertilizers, and that this market segment is highly competitive, with top two firms being Scotts Co. and Ortho Chemicals. These two companies have a control power of about 50% of this market segment. Moreover, the market leader in this market segment is the Scotts Co., which has established two strong market brands known as Turf Builder and Miracle-Gro. At the same time, Ortho’s products together with those of Turf Builder are priced competitively and have an added value, whereby, there is inclusion of pesticides within the fertilizer, and this has been seen to prevent most common lawn infestations. Furt her research in this market segment shows that, 40% of consumers in the market have no concrete brand preferences, a situation likely to see them shift loyalty as far as brands are concerned. As a result, findings show that majority rely largely on in-store advertisements and sales staff for critical information and recommendations. More so, it has been found out that consumers express inability to recall brand name or manufacturer of the fertilizer. Findings also show that Miracle-Gro enjoys high brand name awareness but many consumers associate this brand name with plant foods and not lawn fertilizers. As a result, it has been concluded that, consumer behavior and attitude toward product in this market category have forced manufacturers to rely largely on the strong push strategy. Product sale strategy in this market segment tends to be carried out by three distinct retailers. First there are discount stores that include Canadian Tire, Wal-Mart, and Sears; secondly, there are spec ialty stores that include nurseries; and thirdly, there are home improvement stores.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Discount stores as compared to other stores tend to be popular and most preferred by consumers. For example, estimates show that about 60% of all consumer fertilizer is made in discount stores, a situation that has forced retailers using this type of sale strategy to increase budgetary allocation for their promotion and advertisements. Specialty stores on the other hand have been found to be popular among 30% of consumers, while home improvement stores have been found to control 10% of consumer purchases. Growth of home improvement stores is seen to be on the positive rise, especially due to price concessions and promotion support they get from manufacturers, just like in the case discount stores but unlike specialty stores. In consumer lawn and garden market, the research also establishes that manufacturers spend about 20% of sales on marketing activities. A large part of these monies goes to activities such as sales force, selling in general and also trade promotions. These are th e three main channels through which products in this market segment are sold and for a long time, strong sales force has become the most preferred and appropriate sales strategy. With regard to trade promotions, majority of manufacturers provide in-store literature, displays and sales training. Less important is the advertisement. As such, the product that is perceived to have strong market advertisement initiatives is the Miracle-Gro, which is a heavily advertised brand, and the company (Scotts Co) spends about 4% of sales on advertisement. This therefore may account for the high brand- name awareness for the product. With regard to advertisement in this market segment, it has been recognized that majority of companies run their advertisements for their existing brands and any new brand during spring and early months of summer season. Therefore, advertisement expenditures are in most cases likely to go up during the months of March, April, May, and June, and not at all during other months. Commercial lawn and garden market The second market is the commercial lawn and garden market, which differs a lot from the consumer lawn and garden market. Commercial market is heavily concentrated in the golf sector, and in Canada, this includes about 1800 golf courses. Other relevant and potential areas this market can thrive in include commercial properties that include office complexes and apartment buildings. Nevertheless, golf courses remain the lucrative market in this market segment. The study establishes that, at the moment, there are issues in the golf course sectors, where accusations have increased with regard to perception golf courses are responsible for groundwater pollution, and this is contributed by high and frequent levels of fertilizers used to keep courses green. This perception has forced greater concern in the golf community with concerted efforts to identify and, if possible, adopt the most appropriate strategies that can be used to cut both water an d fertilizers that are used to maintain grass in the golf courses. Golf courses owners spend large amount of money to maintain the courses and approximate estimates shows that, the owners spend up to$300 000 to maintain their golf course during the year. Break-down of the spending shows that, 42% is spent on water use and 24% goes to fertilizer purchases. But in case the golf courses are large, these costs go up and may accumulate to about $800 000. If the StaGreen product was to be accepted by majority of consumers in this market segment, then, the product has ability of reducing water usage by about one-half and fertilizer by one-third. In the recent times, there has been increase in popularity of golf especially after decrease in the 1980s. Some of the factors cited leading to popularity of game include growing number of public courses with reasonable fees, the continued aging of the Canadian population, and also the development of better equipment. These factors have combined an d today, they have contributed to the increase in enthusiasm and popularity of the golf game. Due to this, estimates have shown that the number of golf courses may increase by 22% to about 2200 in a period of five years. In Canada, golf courses are dispersed although regions of British Columbia and Vancouver have high concentration of golf courses. At the moment, majority of golf courses purchase maintenance supplies from wholesalers who specialize in products that are uniquely designed for the type of grasses used. Furthermore, manufacturers of these fertilizers tend to be small firms, or divisions of the larger chemical companies. At the moment, the market share leader in golf course fertilizers is Sierra Horticultural Products, which is a subsidiary of Scotts Company. The biggest competitor of the company in Canadian market is the Nu-Gro Corporation, which is a company based in Ontario since 1992. Compared to firms in the consumer lawn market, companies in commercial lawn market spend only 9% of their sales on marketing activities. Observation made is that, majority of firms in this market segment engage in little advertisement and in most cases prefer to use funds on sales calls to golf courses. Moreover, other strategies used by the companies include: providing free samples of their products to non-users and also concentrate on building solid and long-lasting relationships with course owners. The observation made among the golf course owners is that, majority tend to be loyal to one and specific brands hence it takes a lot of effort to convince them to switch brands. But two situations exist, which may trigger change of consumer behaviors among the golf course owners. First, there is the issue of increasing environmental concern, and public debate over it continues to draw mixed reactions, where majority tend to agree to the growing negative impacts of golf course to groundwater. The understanding is that, chemicals used in golf course pollute groundwater which also involves heavy chemical buildup in the nearby reservoirs. This scenario has even drawn attention of USA Environmental Protection Agency, which admits that the golf course chemicals constitute the major pollutants to groundwater. This in turn has increased negative publicity of golf courses in major media channels in the country. Another issue, which may make golf course owners to change their consumption behavior for a long time is the issue of shrinking profits. Although all indications show the popularity growth of golf and more courses being established, it is clear that the number of golfers that can be accommodated on any one course cannot be expanded. These are factors that are seen to have great potential of challenging loyalty of golf course owners for particular brands and may be forced to look for superior and promising brands. Analysis of Alternatives Two alternatives are presented for the company. First, the company can either adopt the first strategy where i t ventures and concentrates in consumer lawn market or the second option where it ventures and concentrates in the commercial lawn market. The first option has numerous strengths and weaknesses. For example, strengths of the first choice include the fact that it is the largest market and products are likely to be sold easily and at faster rate. At the same time, there is no strong brand loyalty, and consumers tend to shift loyalty easily and at faster rate. As a result, the company can easily endeavor to the hearts of consumers, hence making penetration effort in the market more easy. Furthermore, in consumer lawn market, the pricing strategy varies, a situation that can help the company to initiate a price strategy that endeavors well to majority of customers in the market. Also, the sale of smaller quantities in consumer market is likely to see faster movement of product, and this may eliminate the need for inventories, hence reduction in costs of maintenance. But, at same time, w eakness of this market segment, especially with regard to HydroCan is that, the company is new, and toppling some of the established names in the market may not be an easy task. This will require the company to increase its advertisement and promotion budget. Moreover, the product the company aims to produce in the market is less known and its key features are not well captured and conceptualized in the population. This therefore may not arouse the much needed enthusiasm in the market about the product. Hence, this may require the company to increase its advertisement and promotion activities, a situation that may be expensive. Furthermore, it has to be known that the consumer market is largely seasonal and consumers only buy during particular months (April-September), an aspect that may not auger well with the company’s returns on the investment. Furthermore, success in this market require strong market push strategy, and this for new comers may not be possible or appropriat e, given their overall financial and resource constraints. A strong market push strategy may require extensive advertisement, increased and intensified sales, and also increased promotion activities. With regard to commercial lawn and general market, opportunities of this market type are presented in the fact that the game of golf is gaining popularity currently. This has seen increase in the establishment of new golf courses, and this may be the opportunity to be exploited by the company. Moreover, with increase in the aging population and improvement of equipment, there is perception that the golf game is gaining more demand, and it may provide an opportune market for the new products. Another great opportunity lies in the fact that, golf courses have come under heavy criticisms due to ability of courses to pollute groundwater. Environmentalists and government watch agencies in the matters of environment have identified golf courses as major contributors to groundwater pollution. This has not augured well with majority of owners, who have no option but to look for new types and forms of fertilizers that guarantee sustainability of the environment. Furthermore, StaGreen as product has been experimented and found to provide solutions to various problems currently experienced in the golf courses with regard to environment. Hence, the company can successfully use this opportunity and introduce its product to course owners who are likely to embrace the product if found to be suitable. The challenge with this type of market segment has to do with high levels of consumer loyalty to one and specific brands. Unlike in consumer lawn markets, commercial lawn market is characterized by strong brand loyalty, which makes it difficulty to convince consumers to shift or change their consumer behaviors. Furthermore, sales strategies in this market segment move away from the convectional ones, while advertisement and promotion may not pay a lot in this market segment. But on overall, the identified issues of shrinking profits and environmental concerns may be the biggest reason for this kind of market to be penetrated by new entrants. Recommendations The first step towards identifying the appropriate market segment for a new product include identifying the customers and understanding the consumption needs and wants of the consumers (Hartline, 2010). This is especially important given that products are designed and introduced to the market with the aim of serving and satisfying the varied body of consumers available in the market. Therefore, HydroCan Company can establish the needs of consumers in the two markets and explore whether the products meet the threshold of satisfying consumers’ needs (Narayanan and O’Connor, 2009). In doing so, the company needs to introduce sample products in identified stores (Chaston, 1999), both for the consumer lawn market and commercial lawn market. In this way, the company should initiate another research to establish product acceptance among consumers in the two markets before having a final say on which market to have greater concentration or specialization (Rainey, 2005). Also, timing of the product with regard to launch is important, and the company should launch when the demand for the products (fertilizers) is high (Lyikoey and Qvist, 2006; Avlonitis and Papastathopoulou, 2006). Another recommendation is that, given the conditions and characteristics in both markets, it is appropriate for HydroCan Company to venture in both markets but make every effort to respond uniquely to the needs of each market. For example, in consumer lawn market, the company can increase advertisement and promotion of the product, especially by emphasizing on key and unique features of the product as opposed to competitor products. The emphasis should be on the environment benefits and suitability of the product as compared to other available products from competitors. In this regard, the company needs more demonstrations about the product to varied groups of customers to convince them about the suitability of the product. This should be followed by establishment of front-shops in major strategic areas that can be used for experimentation and demonstration of the product. With regard to commercial lawn market, the company can utilize the existing issues in the golf course and make some significant penetrations. For example, the company can adopt marketing strategies that reflect demonstration, free samples, and reduced prices in order to give owners of courses a chance to test the product. With many improvements and more consumers showing interest in the product, the company can in turn increase availability of the product to more consumers. The point of importance here is that, more sales calls should be conducted and the company should concentrate on building a strong customer base that is loyal. Conclusion The report was as a result of request by HydroCan Company, which intend s to launch a new product but has no information or knowledge about the market. Hence, Stone Age Marketing Consultants are invited to provide consultancy. The report provides a detailed analysis of the market and business environment, which confronts HydroCan Company. From this, it has been found out that companies of new products, which are relatively new in the market, face numerous challenges when introducing new products. These challenges are compounded by competition from established firms. Nevertheless, the analysis and recommendations provide a clear roadmap, which HydroCan Company can adopt in order to launch its product. However, more research work is needed, especially with regard to movement and performance of the product in the market. References Avlonitis, G. J. Papastathopoulou, P. (2006). Product and Services Management. NY: SAGE Press. Chaston, I. (1999). New Marketing Strategies: Evolving Flexible Processes to Fit Market Circumstances. NY: SAGE. Hartline, F. O. (20 10). Marketing Strategy. OH: Cengage Learning. Lyikoey, G. Qvist, K. (2006). The Timing of New Product Launch. Berlin, Germany: GRIN Verlag. Narayanan, V. K., O’Connor, G. C. (2009). Encyclopedia of Technology and Innovation Management. MA: John Wiley and Sons. Rainey, D. L. (2005). Product Innovation: Leading Change through Integrated Product Development. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press This case study on Grenner Pastures the Launch of StaGreen by HydroCan Company was written and submitted by user Harold Holloway to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.